The Horn of Africa grapples with profound and interlocking challenges of entrenched conflict, systemic human rights violations, and deep-seated political instability. Across the region, from the ongoing struggle towards political transition in Sudan to the tensions in some parts of Ethiopia and the protracted state fragility in Somalia and South Sudan, efforts to address past wounds are often hampered by a lack of political will, institutional weakness, and the exclusion of marginalized communities. Traditional justice mechanisms, while a vital part of the social fabric, frequently operate in isolation rather than being complementary to formal mechanisms, struggling to meet international standards and often perpetuating patriarchal norms that silence women and victims of gender-based violence. This complex landscape is further complicated by impunity for powerful actors and the absence of strong regional coordination, leaving many victims without acknowledgment or redress.
Amidst these challenges, a methodical and evidence-based approach is essential to transform intention into impact. By undertaking a rigorous comparative analysis of existing mechanisms across the eight nations, this research identifies the systemic gaps and the emergent, locally grown practices that show promise, thereby constructing a foundational body of evidence to guide more effective and legitimate processes. Grounded in the realities of each unique context, this analysis suggests that a shift in approach such as thoughtfully weaving traditional reconciliation practices into formal justice frameworks to create more legitimate and culturally resonant processes—could open new pathways to sustainable peace. Furthermore, ensuring the meaningful participation of women, youth, and all minority groups from the outset would transform these efforts into truly inclusive national dialogues, while strengthening judicial independence and building a coordinated regional strategy that are fundamental to ending cycles of impunity. Ultimately, by centering the needs of victims through comprehensive reparations and memorialization processes, this evidence-based pathway offers a powerful avenue to address past atrocities, restore broken trust, and build a foundation for a more stable and equitable future.
You may access this research by going to the resources section of our website or by clicking the following link: A Study on Transitional Justice Mechanisms in the Horn of Africa